The so-called Christmas tree, in oil production terms, is a main trunk erected on an oil well, with various instruments branching off it. Oil industry workers habitually and figuratively refer to this set of oil production equipment as an 'oil production tree' due to the various instruments installed on it resembling decorations on a Christmas tree.
It consists of three parts: the casing head, tubing head, and itself. It's used to connect the casing string and tubing string, seal the annular spaces between various casing layers and the tubing, control wellhead pressure, and regulate oil and gas flow at the wellhead. It can also be used for special operations such as acidizing, fracturing, water injection, and testing. The x-mas tree is a vital device for controlling wellhead pressure and adjusting oil and gas flow during production operations.
We can control the production pressure differential of the underground oil reservoir by adjusting the valves and choke sizes on the Christmas tree, allowing for rational exploitation of our treasure. Where does the energy come from that drives the continuous flow of crude oil from the formation to the surface? It primarily relies on the pressure difference formed when the original formation pressure in the oil layer is higher than the bottomhole pressure during oil well production, known as the flowing pressure.
Simultaneously, from the depth of the oil layer to the bottom of the well, pressure gradually decreases, causing the oil layer rock to expand in volume, which reduces the pore volume. The crude oil in the pores also expands, and this dual action squeezes the crude oil out of the pores, causing it to permeate towards areas of lower pressure. When the crude oil reaches the wellbore, natural gas dissolved in the crude oil escapes due to the pressure reduction, forming bubbles. These bubbles rise along the tubing in the wellbore, expanding in volume as pressure decreases, helping to lift the crude oil from the bottom of the well to the surface.
Finally, after the crude oil passes through the choke, the remaining pressure is used to overcome the frictional resistance in the surface pipelines leading to the metering station, ultimately reaching the oil-gas separator and oil tank.
Vigor will provide you with a reliable solution, please contact us at info@vigorpetroleum.com.
