Cracks in Horsehead, I-Beam, or Support Frame
During oil extraction, issues such as well foundation settlement, foundation longitudinal level exceeding normal range, non-standard installation of the pumping unit, or poor well operation and construction techniques can lead to misalignment and cracking of the equipment. Specific areas affected include the horsehead and the connection points of the I-beam and support frame. This can cause significant changes in well load, impacting oil production efficiency and quality.
Center Bearing and Tail Bearing Faults
The main reasons for center and tail bearing failures include:
1. Issues related to equipment installation and installation techniques. During the installation of beam pumping units, if the installation doesn't match the design or falls outside specified parameters, resulting in large shear force differences with other equipment, it can severely affect the bearings, hindering their normal operation.
2. Lack of proper maintenance by personnel.
Crank Pin Faults (Backing Out Faults)
The crank mechanism of the pumping unit is primarily responsible for force transmission and conversion, playing a crucial role. When faults occur, the oil production equipment stops working. Factors affecting crank pin backing out include: inadequate maintenance and repair, bushing wear (excessive wear), and crank pedestal shoulder wear. Improper installation of related components according to regulations can increase the shear force difference between the walking beam and crank, leading to severe crank pin backing out faults.
Gearbox Shaft Displacement Phenomenon
Gearbox shaft displacement is a common fault during oil extraction. It can be caused by excessive shear wall of the pumping unit, imbalance in its foundation's transverse level, contamination of oil in the gearbox leading to accelerated equipment wear, middle shaft gear meshing issues, input and output shaft gear meshing problems, and bearing damage.
Gearbox shaft displacement may be related to the following factors:
1. Movement of the large belt pulley on the gearbox, with the movement cycle consistent with the pumping unit piston motion, typically set at 15-25mm per cycle.
2. Audible abnormal impact sounds from the gearbox. Shaft displacement is often accompanied by noticeable impact sounds, though it's worth noting that impact sounds don't always indicate shaft displacement and could be due to gear faults.
3. Based on past maintenance experience, shaft displacement often occurs in the internal high-speed shaft, while the low-speed shaft generally doesn't experience this issue.
Failure to properly maintain, manage, and scientifically install the pumping unit can lead to various abnormal phenomena in the gearbox, resulting in faults.
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