Conventional Pumping Unit (Rear-mounted)
In this beam pumping unit type, the horse head and crank-connecting rod mechanism are positioned at the front and rear of the frame respectively, with a zero balance angle. This is the most common pumping unit currently in use. The frame is located between the horse head and the crank-connecting rod mechanism. The upstroke and downstroke times are equal, and mechanical balancing is typically employed. (The connecting rod mechanism is located at the rear of the frame)
Front-mounted Pumping Unit
Both the horse head and crank-connecting rod mechanism are positioned in front of the frame. The connecting rod mechanism is located at the front of the frame, and pneumatic balancing is often used. During the upstroke, gas expansion assists the pumping unit's work. During the downstroke, gas is compressed, storing energy. The upstroke of a front-mounted beam pumping unit is slower than its downstroke.
Low-stroke Pumping Unit
Low-stroke beam pumping units are primarily used for the exploitation of existing low-production wells, both domestically and internationally. They allow for full exploitation of numerous low-production wells while consuming less energy. Based on the conventional model, this unit uses a specially designed high-ratio three-stage reducer to lower the stroke rate. In addition to the advantages of conventional pumping units, it offers the following benefits:
(1) Low stroke rate, reaching 1-2 strokes per minute.
(2) Lower motor power requirements, reducing power consumption by 2-3 levels compared to conventional units of the same size, achieving energy savings.
(3) The foundation is identical to that of regular conventional pumping units of the same size, facilitating user operation and maintenance.
Technical features: The low-stroke pumping unit is an energy-efficient pump designed for low-permeability oil layer development. The reduced stroke rate is more suitable for low-production wells and complex geographical environments, lowering management costs and improving operational efficiency.
Double Horse Head Pumping UnitDouble Horse Head Pumping Unit
Its structural feature is the replacement of the conventional beam pumping unit's tail shaft with a rear horse head, connected to the walking beam by a drive rope braid, forming a four-bar linkage mechanism.
The horse head suspending the polished rod and the crank-connecting rod mechanism are positioned at the front and rear of the frame respectively. During a stroke cycle, the rear arm length and connecting rod length are not constant.
By altering the torque factor variation pattern of the pumping unit, it enhances the balancing effect to achieve energy savings. Based on the conventional model, it incorporates a crucial technical innovation in its four-bar mechanism (walking beam-connecting rod-crank mechanism). It employs a specially curved rear arm of the walking beam and a flexible connection between the walking beam and the cross beam. This creates a unique four-bar mechanism where the rocker (rear arm of the walking beam) length and connecting rod length vary with the crank angle, forming a "variable parameter four-bar mechanism." This results in a new power transmission structure for pumping units that can adapt to actual oil production conditions.
During operation, this unit relies on the systematic variation of the effective length of its walking beam's rear arm to achieve a working state where the balancing torque is large when the load is high and small when the load is low, thereby enhancing the balancing effect and achieving energy savings.
Bottom-offset Dumbbell Pumping Unit
The main feature is the use of a bottom-offset dumbbell to balance and reduce peak torque of the pumping unit. The position and weight of the bottom-offset dumbbell can be reasonably matched according to well conditions. It inherits all the advantages of conventional beam pumping units, with good balancing effects and reliable performance.
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