Packers can be categorized into three types: mechanical set, hydraulic set, and permanent packers.
Mechanical set packers are set using tubing movement, such as rotation or upward/downward motion. They are released by a simple up string pull and are suitable for shallow, low-pressure wells.
Tension-set packers are set by pulling tension on the tubing, and releasing the tension releases the packer. They are used in shallow wells with moderate pressure differences and are often employed in stimulation operations.
Rotation-set packers are set by tubing rotation, where a left-hand turn engages the packer and a right-hand turn retrieves it.
Hydraulic-set packers use fluid pressure to drive the cone behind the slips, and they remain set by entrapped pressure or a mechanical lock. They are released by picking up the tubing and are useful in deviated or crooked holes where tubing movement is restricted.
Inflatable packers use fluid pressure to inflate a reinforced rubber tube and set the packer. They are commonly used in open hole testing and cement assurance, especially in wells with restrictions.
Permanent packers are set on electric wireline, drill pipe, or tubing. They have opposed slips that lock the packer in compression and are resistant to motion in either direction. Wireline packers use an electric current to set them, while tubing packers can be set through rotation or pulling. They are suitable for wells with high pressure differentials or large tubing load variations.
Cement packers involve cementing the tubing in place inside the casing or open hole.
